Prokaryotic NAT genes^(a)

Organism scientific name (b)	Organism identification code (b)	Taxonomy identifier (b)	Gene (alias) (c)	ORF (bp) (d)	Protein (aa) (d)	Identities (%) (e)	Positives (%) (e)	Enzyme activity/ structure (f)	Literature (g)
ARCHAEA^(h)
Halogeometricum borinquense, strain DSM 11551	HALBP (DSM 11551)	469382	NAT1	786	261	28	43	No	38, BN001449
BACTERIA^(h)
ACTINOBACTERIA
Amycolatopsis mediterranei	AMYMD	33910	NAT1 (RifF)	783	260	26	40	Yes	1-6
Brevibacterium linens BL2	BRELN (BL2)	321955	NAT1	870	289	29	48	No	1
Frankia sp. EAN1pec	FRASN	298653	NAT1	807	268	28	45	No	1
Janibacter sp. HTCC 2649		313589	NAT1	876	291	35	51	No	1
Mycobacterium avium 104	MYCA1	243243	NAT1	831	276	37	53	No	1,2,7
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis K-10	MYCPA (K-10)	262316	NAT1	831	276	37	53	No	1,2,8
Mycobacterium bovis AF2122/97	MYCBO (AF2122/97)	233413	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1,2,7
Mycobacterium bovis BCG str. Pasteur 1173P2	MYCBP	410289	NAT1	852	283	34	52	Yes	1,2,9-11
Mycobacterium gilvum PYR-GCK	MYCGI	350054	NAT1	828	275	35	53	No	1
Mycobacterium intracellulare ATCC 13950	MYCIT (ATCC 13950)	487521	NAT1	831	276	37	52	No	1
Mycobacterium marinum M	MYCMM	216594	NAT1	843	280	36	52	Yes	1,12
Mycobacterium smegmatis str. MC2 155	MYCS2	246196	NAT1	828	275	34	51	Yes	1,2,7,8,13-16
Mycobacterium sp. JLS	MYCSJ	164757	NAT1	846	281	36	54	No	1
Mycobacterium sp. KMS	MYCSK	189918	NAT1	846	281	36	54	No	1
Mycobacterium sp. MCS	MYCSS	164756	NAT1	846	281	36	54	No	1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis C	MYCTU (C)	348776	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551	MYCTU (CDC1551)	83331	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1,2
Mycobacterium tuberculosis F11	MYCTF	336982	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra	MYCTA	419947	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	MYCTU (H37Rv)	83332	NAT1	852	283	34	52	Yes	1,2,7-9,13 (i)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis str. Haarlem	MYCTU (Haarlem)	395095	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis KZN 1435	MYCTU (KZN 1435)	478434	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis KZN 4207	MYCTU (KZN 4207)	478433	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis KZN 605	MYCTU (KZN 605)	478435	NAT1	852	283	34	52	No	1
Mycobacterium ulcerans Agy99	MYCUA	362242	NAT1	843	280	36	52	No	1
Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1	MYCVP	350058	NAT1	837	278	36	55	No	1
Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152	NOCFA (IFM 10152)	247156	NAT1	882	293	35	48	No	1,2,39
Rhodococcus sp. RHA1	RHOSR	101510	NAT1	825	274	36	51	Yes	1,17
Saccharopolyspora erythraea NRRL 2338	SACEN	405948	NAT1	858	285	33	49	No	1
Salinispora arenicola CNS-205	SALAI	391037	NAT1	777	258	32	49	No	1
Streptomyces avermitilis MA-4680	STRAW (MA-4680)	227882	NAT1	840	279	31	46	No	1,2,8
Streptomyces griseus subsp. griseus NBRC13350	STRGG	455632	NAT1	813	270	34	47	Yes	1,18
			NAT2	810	269	32	45
BACTEROIDETES / CHLOROBI
Chlorobium ferrooxidans DSM 13031		377431	NAT1	795	264	29	51	No	1
Chlorobium limicola DSM 245	CHLL2	290315	NAT1	774	257	31	49	No	1
Chlorobium phaeobacteroides DSM 266	CHLPD	290317	NAT1	774	257	30	48	No	1
Microscilla marina ATCC 23134		313606	NAT1	798	265	32	48	No	1
Pelodictyon phaeoclathratiforme BU-1		324925	NAT1	675	224	30	50	No	1
Prosthecochloris aestuarii DSM 271	PROAE (DSM 271)	290512	NAT1	681	226	31	51	No	1
CHLAMYDIAE
NONE
CYANOBACTERIA
Lyngbya sp. PCC 8106		313612	NAT1	759	252	32	51	No	1
Synechococcus sp. JA-2-3B’a(2-13)	SYNJB	321332	NAT1	915	304	34	51	No	1
FIRMICUTES
Bacillales
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42	BACA2	326423	NAT1	747	248	27	44	No	1
Bacillus anthracis Tsiankovskii-I	BACAN (Tsiankovskii-I)	405536	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	654	217	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. “Ames Ancestor”	BACAN (Ames Ancestor)	261594	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	654	217	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. A1055	BACAN (A1055)	280355	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. A2012	BACAN (A2012)	191218	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1,2
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	654	217	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. A0174	BACAN (A0174)	486622	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3^(j)	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. A0193	BACAN (A0193)	486619	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3^(j)	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. A0389	BACAN (A0389)	486623	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3^(j)	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. A0442	BACAN (A0442)	486621	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. A0465	BACAN (A0465)	486620	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. A0488	BACAN (A0488)	486624	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3^(j)	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. Ames	BACAN (Ames)	198094	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1,2,7,8
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	654	217	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. Australia 94	BACAN (Australia 94)	280477	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	654	217	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. CNEVA-9066	BACAN (CNEVA-9066)	280354	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. Kruger B	BACAN (Kruger B)	205919	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	792	263	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. Sterne	BACAN (Sterne)	260799	NAT1	840	279	27	44	Yes	1,2,19,20
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	654	217	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. Vollum	BACAN (Vollum)	261591	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	654	217	29	49
Bacillus anthracis str. Western North America	BACAN (Western North America)	212045	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	26	45
			NAT3	654	217	29	49
Bacillus cereus 03BB108	BACCE (03BB108)	451709	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1 (k)
			NAT2	768	255	30	48
			NAT3	792	263	29	49
Bacillus cereus AH1134	BACCE (AH1134)	405533	NAT1	840	279	28	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	32	51
			NAT3	792	263	29	48
Bacillus cereus AH187	BACCE (AH187)	405534	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	31	50
			NAT3	792	263	30	48
Bacillus cereus AH820	BACCE (AH820)	405535	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	31	49
			NAT3	792	263	29	49
Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987	BACC1	222523	NAT1	840	279	26	45	No	1,2,8
			NAT2	768	255	31	49
			NAT3	792	263	29	48
Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579	BACCR	226900	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1,2,8
			NAT2	768	255	32	50
			NAT3	792	263	29	48
Bacillus cereus B4264	BACCE (B4264)	405532	NAT1	840	279	28	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	32	51
			NAT3	792	263	29	48
Bacillus cereus ZK/E33L	BACCZ	288681	NAT1	840	279	26	44	No	1,2
			NAT2	768	255	29	48
			NAT3	792	263	29	48
Bacillus cereus G9241	BACCE (G9241)	269801	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1,2
			NAT2	768	255	29	48
			NAT3	792	263	26	43
Bacillus cereus G9842	BACCE (G9842)	405531	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	31	50
			NAT3	792	263	29	48
Bacillus cereus H3081.97	BACCE (H3081.97)	451708	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	31	50
			NAT3	792	263	30	48
Bacillus cereus NVH0597-99	BACCE (NVH0597-99)	451707	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	27	46
			NAT3	792	263	29	49
Bacillus cereus W	BACCE (W)	405917	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	31	49
			NAT3	792	263	30	49
Bacillus cereus subsp. cytotoxis NVH 391-98	BACCN	315749	NAT1	792	263	29	50	No	1
Bacillus clausii KSM-K16	BACSK	66692	NAT1	813	270	32	45	No	1
Bacillus coahuilensis m4-4		441769	NAT1	822	273	26	48	No	1
Bacillus halodurans C-125	BACHD	272558	NAT1	831	276	27	45	No	1,2,21
Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13/ATCC 14580	BACLD	279010	NAT1	759	252	28	43	No	1,2
Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032	BACP2	315750	NAT1	747	248	25	42	No	1
Bacillus sp. NRRL B-14911	BACSP (NRRL B-14911)	313627	NAT1	741	246	30	51	No	1
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	BACSU (subtilis 168)	224308	NAT1	765	254	28	47	No	1,2,7,8
Bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis ATCC 35646	BACTU (israelensis ATCC 35646)	439028	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	807	268	24	43
Bacillus thuringiensis serovar konkukian str. 97-27	BACHK (97-27)	281309	NAT1	840	279	26	44	No	1,2,8
			NAT2	768	255	31	48
			NAT3	792	263	26	43
Bacillus thuringiensis str. Al Hakam	BACAH	412694	NAT1	840	279	27	44	No	1
			NAT2	768	255	32	50
			NAT3	792	263	29	48
Bacillus weihenstephanensis KBAB4	BACWK	315730	NAT2	768	255	31	50	No	1
			NAT3	792	263	28	48
Exiguobacterium sibiricum 255-15	EXIS2	262543	NAT1	792	263	28	46	No	1,2
Staphylococcus aureus RF122	STAAB	273036	NAT1	819	272	25	44	No	1
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus COL	STAAC	93062	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1,7
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus JH1	STAA2	359787	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus JH9	STAA9	359786	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MRSA252	STAAR	282458	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1,2,8
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MSSA476	STAAS	282459	NAT1	801	266	26	46	No	1,2,8
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus MW2	STAAW	196620	NAT1	801	266	26	46	No	1,8
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu3	STAA1	418127	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus Mu50	STAAM	158878	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1,2,8
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus N315	STAAN	158879	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1,8
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325	STAA8	93061	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300	STAA3	367830	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus USA300_TCH1516	STAAT	451516	NAT1	795	264	27	46	No	1
Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. Newman	STAAE	426430	NAT1	801	266	27	46	No	1
Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228	STAES	176280	NAT1	786	261	28	45	No	1,2,8
Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A	STAEQ	176279	NAT1	786	261	28	44	No	1
Staphylococcus haemolyticus JCSC1435	STAHJ	279808	NAT1	786	261	27	46	No	1
Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus ATCC 15305	STAS1	342451	NAT1	780	259	25	48	No	1
Clostridia
Desulfitobacterium hafniense DCB-2	DESHD	272564	NAT1	801	266	32	48	No	1,2
Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51	DESHY	138119	NAT1	801	266	32	47	No	1
Lactobacillales
Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris MG1363	LACLM	416870	NAT1	804	267	30	48	No	1
Mollicutes
NONE
PROTEOBACTERIA
Alpha-proteobacteria
Rickettsiales
NONE
Rhizobiaceae
Rhizobium etli CFN 42	RHIEC	347834	NAT1	792	263	30	45	No	1
Rhizobium etli CFN 42 plasmid p42e	RHIEC (plasmid p42e)	347834	NAT1A	846	281	30	45	No	1
Other alpha-proteobacteria
Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278	BRASO	114615	NAT1	816	271	35	51	No	1
			NAT2	816	271	35	52
Bradyrhizobium sp. BTAi1	BRASB	288000	NAT1	816	271	36	50	No	1
			NAT2	816	271	36	54
Caulobacter sp. K31	CAUSK	366602	NAT1	876	291	40	52	No	1
Caulobacter crescentus CB15	CAUCR (CB15)	190650	NAT1	828	275	37	53	No	1,2,7,8
Labrenzia (Stappia) aggregata IAM 12614		384765	NAT1	813	270	31	48	No	1
Mesorhizobium loti MAFF303099	RHILO (MAFF303099)	266835	NAT1	837	278	37	54	Yes	1,2,8,21-25
			NAT2	813	270	39	54
Novosphingobium aromaticivorans DSM 12444	NOVAD	279238	NAT1	846	281	36	48	No	1,2,21
			NAT2	882	293	26	41
Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1	PARL1	402881	NAT1	837	278	35	55	No	1
Rhodobacterales bacterium HTCC2654		314271	NAT1	816	271	33	50	No	1
Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256	SPHAL (RB2256)	317655	NAT1	879	292	39	56	No	1
Sphingomonas wittichii RW1	SPHWW	392499	NAT1	1131	376	37	49	No	1
Beta-proteobacteria
Bordetella
NONE
Burkholderiaceae
Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD	BURCM	339670	NAT1	834	277	38	52	No	1,2
Burkholderia ambifaria MC40-6	BURA4	398577	NAT1	834	277	42	59	No	1,2
Burkholderia cenocepacia AU 1054	BURCA	331271	NAT1	831	276	42	58	No	1
Burkholderia cenocepacia HI2424	BURCH	331272	NAT1	831	276	42	58	No	1
Burkholderia cenocepacia MC0-3	BURCC	406425	NAT1	831	276	42	58	No	1
Burkholderia cenocepacia PC184		350702	NAT1	831	276	42	58	No	1
Burkholderia dolosa AUO158		350701	NAT1	834	277	39	53	No	1
Burkholderia graminis C4D1M		396598	NAT1	837	278	37	56	No	1
Burkholderia mallei 2002721280	BURMA (2002721280)	370895	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia mallei ATCC 10399	BURMA (ATCC 10399)	412021	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia mallei ATCC 23344	BURMA (ATCC 23344)	243160	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1,2
Burkholderia mallei FMH	BURMA (FMH)	334802	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia mallei GB8 horse 4	BURMA (GB8 horse 4)	320390	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia mallei JHU	BURMA (JHU)	334803	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia mallei NCTC 10229	BURM9	412022	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia mallei NCTC 10247	BURM7	320389	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia mallei PRL-20	BURMA (PRL-20)	436115	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia mallei SAVP1	BURMS	320388	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia multivorans ATCC 17616	BURM1	395019	NAT1	831	276	44	58	No	1
Burkholderia oklahomensis C6786		441162	NAT1	873	290	36	51	No	1
Burkholderia oklahomensis EO147		441163	NAT1	873	290	37	52	No	1
Burkholderia phymatum STM815	BURP8	391038	NAT1	831	276	39	56	No	1
Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN	BURPP	398527	NAT1	840	279	41	56	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1106a	BURP0	357348	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1106b	BURPS (1106b)	357347	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 112	BURPS (112)	441154	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 14	BURPS (14)	441160	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1655	BURPS (1655)	331109	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1710a	BURPS (1710a)	320371	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 1710b	BURP1	320372	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 305	BURPS (305)	425067	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 406e	BURPS (406e)	360118	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 668	BURP6	320373	NAT1	873	290	34	51	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 7894	BURPS (7894)	441156	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 9	BURPS (9)	441158	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei 91	BURPS (91)	441159	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei B7210	BURPS (B7210)	441155	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei BCC215	BURPS (BCC215)	441152	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei DM98	BURPS (DM98)	441161	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243	BURPS (K96243)	272560	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1,2
Burkholderia pseudomallei NCTC 13177	BURPS (NCTC 13177)	441153	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei Pasteur 52237	BURPS (Pasteur 52237)	331978	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia pseudomallei S13	BURPS (S13)	320374	NAT1	873	290	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia sp. 383	BURS3	269483	NAT1	831	276	36	52	No	1
Burkholderia thailandensis Bt4	BURTH (Bt4)	441164	NAT1	873	290	35	50	No	1
Burkholderia thailandensis E264	BURTA	271848	NAT1	873	290	35	50	No	1
Burkholderia thailandensis TXDOH	BURTH (TXDOH)	441165	NAT1	873	290	35	51	No	1
Burkholderia thailandensis MSMB 43	BURTH (MSMB 43)	441157	NAT1	870	289	35	52	No	1
Burkholderia ubonensis Bu		441166	NAT1	882	293	40	56	No	1
Burkholderia vietnamiensis G4	BURVG	269482	NAT1	834	277	37	53	No	1
Burkholderia xenovorans LB400	BURXL	266265	NAT1	837	278	39	54	No	1
Ralstonia eutropha H16	RALEH	381666	NAT1	867	288	34	49	No	1
Ralstonia eutropha JMP134	RALEJ	264198	NAT1	846	281	33	46	No	1,2
Ralstonia metallidurans CH34	RALME	266264	NAT1	879	292	32	45	No	1,2
Neisseriaceae
NONE
Other beta-proteobacteria
Azoarcus sp. BH72	AZOSB	62928	NAT1	825	274	39	56	No	1
Delftia acidovorans SPH-1	DELAS	398578	NAT1	795	264	30	47	No	1
Nitrosomonas eutropha C91	NITEC	335283	NAT1	813	270	38	52	No	1
Gamma-proteobacteria
Enterobacteriales ^(l)
Citrobacter koseri ATCC BAA-895	CITK8	290338	NAT1	846	281	80	88	Yes	1,26
Enterobacter sakazakii ATCC BAA-894	CROS8	290339	NAT1	822	273	43	57	No	1
Enterobacter sp. 638	ENT38	399742	NAT1	849	282	67	80	No	1
Escherichia albertii TW07627		502347	NAT1	846	281	75	86	No	1
Escherichia coli 101-1	ECOLX (101-1)	358709	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli 536	ECOL5	362663	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1,8
Escherichia coli 53638	ECOLX (53638)	344610	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli APEC O1	ECOK1	405955	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli B171	ECOLX (B171)	344601	NAT1	675	224	74	86	No	1
Escherichia coli B7A	ECOLX (B7A)	340184	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli C str. ATCC 8739	ECOLC	481805	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli CFT073	ECOLX (CFT073)	199310	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1,2
Escherichia coli E110019	ECOLX (E110019)	340186	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli E22	ECOLX (E22)	340185	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli E24377A	ECO24	331111	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli F11	ECOLX (F11)	340197	NAT1	846	281	74	84	No	1
Escherichia coli HS	ECOHS	331112	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. DH10B	ECODH	316385	NAT1	846	281	74	85	Yes	1,7,13
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655	ECOLI (MG1655)	511145	NAT1	846	281	74	85	Yes	1,7,13,26
Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933	ECOL57 (EDL933)	155864	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1,2,8
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. Sakai	ECOL57 (Sakai)	386585	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1,2,8
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4024	ECOL57 (EC 4024)	444454	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4042	ECOL57 (EC 4042)	444449	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4045	ECOL57 (EC 4045)	444448	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4076	ECOL57 (EC 4076)	444453	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4113	ECOL57 (EC 4113)	444452	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4115	ECOL57 (EC 4115)	444450	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4196	ECOL57 (EC 4196)	444451	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4206	ECOL57 (EC 4206)	444447	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4401	ECOL57 (EC 4401)	478004	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4486	ECOL57 (EC 4486)	478005	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 4501	ECOL57 (EC 4501)	478006	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 508	ECOL57 (EC 508)	478007	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. EC 869	ECOL57 (EC 869)	478008	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli O157:H7 str. TW 14588	ECOL57 (TW 14588)	502346	NAT1	846	281	73	85	No	1
Escherichia coli SECEC SMS-3-5	ECOSM	439855	NAT1	846	281	75	85	No	1
Escherichia coli UTI89	ECOUT	364106	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. W3110	ECOW3	316407	NAT1	846	281	74	85	Yes	1,2,7,13
Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae MGH78578	KLEP7	272620	NAT1	846	281	73	83	Yes	1,7,26,27
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- str. CVM23701	SALET (4,[5],12:i:- CVM23701)	440534	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Agona str. SL483	SALET (Agona SL483	454166	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Dublin str. CT_02021853	SALDC	439851	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Hadar str. RI_05P066	SALHA	465516	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg str. SL476	SALHS	454169	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg str. SL486	SALET (Heidelberg SL486)	454164	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana str. GA_MM04042433	SALET (Javiana GA_MM04042433)	454167	NAT1	846	281	99	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky str. CDC 191	SALET (Kentucky CDC 191)	454231	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky str. CVM29188	SALET (Kentucky CVM29188)	439842	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL254	SALNS	423368	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Newport str. SL317	SALNE (SL317)	454168	NAT1	846	281	99	99	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi A str. ATCC 9150	SALPA (ATCC 9150)	295319	NAT1	846	281	98	100	No	1,7
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B str. SPB7	SALPB	272994	NAT1	846	281	99	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Saintpaul str. SARA23	SALET (Saintpaul SARA23)	439846	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Saintpaul str. SARA29	SALET (Saintpaul SARA29)	439847	NAT1	846	281	98	98	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund str. CVM19633	SALSV	439843	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund str. SL480	SALET (Schwarzengrund SL480)	454165	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi Ty2	SALET (Typhi Ty2)	209261	NAT1	846	281	98	99	No	1,2
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi str. CT18	SALET (Typhi CT18)	220341	NAT1	846	281	98	99	No	1,7,8
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Virchow str. SL491	SALVI (SL491)	465517	NAT1	846	281	100	100	No	1
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Weltevreden str. HI_N05-537	SALET (Weltevreden)	465518	NAT1	846	281	99	99	No	1
Salmonella typhimurium LT2	SALTY (LT2)	99287	NAT1	846	281	100	100	Yes	1,2,7,8,13,26,28-30
Serratia proteamaculans 568	SERP5	399741	NAT1	762	253	34	54	No	1
Shigella sonnei Ss046	SHISS	300269	NAT1	846	281	74	85	No	1
Pasteurellaceae
NONE
Pseudomonadaceae
Pseudomonas fluorescens PfO-1	PSEPF	205922	NAT1	828	275	40	57	No	1,2,21
Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5	PSEF5	220664	NAT1	807	268	38	55	No	1,21
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PACS2	PSEAE (PACS2)	388272	NAT1	840	279	31	48	No	1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2192	PSEAE (2192)	350703	NAT1	840	279	31	47	No	1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa C3719	PSEAE (C3719)	350704	NAT1	840	279	31	47	No	1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa UCBPP-PA14	PSEAB	208963	NAT1	840	279	31	47	No	1,2
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	PSEAE (PAO1)	208964	NAT1	840	279	31	47	Yes	1,2,7,8,26,31,32
Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7	PSEA7	381754	NAT1	840	279	31	47	No	1
Pseudomonas mendocina ymp	PSEMY	399739	NAT1	828	275	38	55	No	1
Vibrionaceae
Photobacterium sp. SKA34		121723	NAT1	804	267	32	50	No	1
Vibrio alginolyticus 12G01	VIBAL (12G01)	314288	NAT1	807	268	32	50	No	1
Vibrio angustum S14	PHOAS	314292	NAT1	804	267	31	48	No	1
Vibrio shilonii AK1		391591	NAT1	798	265	33	55	No	1
Vibrio parahaemolyticus AQ3810	VIBPA (AQ3810)	419109	NAT1	807	268	32	50	No	1,8
Vibrio sp. Ex25	VIBSE	150340	NAT1	807	268	32	50	No	1
Vibrio parahaemolyticus RIMD 2210633	VIBPA (RIMD 2210633)	223926	NAT1	807	268	32	50	No	1,2,8
Vibrio harveyi ATCC BAA-1116	VIBHB	338187	NAT1	816	271	34	49	No	1
Vibrio harveyi HY01	VIBHA (HY01)	410291	NAT1	816	271	32	49	No	1
Xanthomonadaceae
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia R551-3	STRM5	391008	NAT1	1044	347	37	52	No	1
Other gamma-proteobacteria
Colwellia psychrerythrea 34H	COLP3	167879	NAT1	822	273	30	50	No	1
Hahella chejuensis KCTC 2396	HAHCH	349521	NAT1	816	271	34	53	No	1
Legionella pneumophila str. Corby	LEGPC	400673	NAT1	969	322	25	46	No	1,40 (m)
Legionella pneumophila subsp. pneumophila str. Philadelphia 1	LEGPH	272624	NAT1	969	322	25	47	No	1,2,7,40 (m)
Legionella pneumophila str. Paris	LEGPA	297246	NAT1	969	322	25	47	No	1,2,40 (m)
Legionella pneumophila str. Lens	LEGPL	297245	NAT1	969	322	25	46	No	1,2,40 (m)
Nitrococcus mobilis Nb-231		314278	NAT1	825	274	38	53	No	1
Marinomonas sp. MWYL1	MARMS	400668	NAT1	846	281	27	46	No	1
Marinomonas sp. MED121		314277	NAT1	855	284	27	46	No	1
Pseudoalteromonas tunicata D2		87626	NAT1	819	272	30	51	No	1
Psychrobacter sp. PRwf-1	PSYWF	349106	NAT1	831	276	24	46	No	1
Saccharophagus degradans 2-40	SACD2	203122	NAT1	801	266	31	49	No	1
Vibrionales bacterium SWAT-3		391574	NAT1	792	263	35	53	No	1
Delta-proteobacteria
Myxococcus xanthus DK 1622	MYXXD	246197	NAT1	756	251	36	49	No	1
Geobacter bemidjiensis Bem	GEOBB	404380	NAT1	798	265	33	50	No	1
Geobacter lovleyi SZ	GEOLS	398767	NAT1	804	267	33	46	No	1
Pelobacter propionicus DSM 2379	PELPD	338966	NAT1	807	268	32	49	No	1
Plesiocystis pacifica SIR-1		391625	NAT1	2268	755	34	42	No	1
Epsilon-proteobacteria
NONE
Other proteobacteria
NONE
SPIROCHAETALES
NONE
OTHER BACTERIA
Chloroflexus aurantiacus J-10-fl	CHLAA	324602	NAT1	813	270	31	48	No	1,2

Footnotes

(a) Data will be updated whenever the NAT Committee receives external submissions of novel prokaryotic NAT genes. We encourage colleagues to also contact us when new functional/structural information becomes available for any of the reported sequences, or if they wish to suggest any amendments to the current data.

(b) Official organism scientific names, identification codes and taxonomy identifiers are from the NEWT UniProt Taxonomy Browser. Taxonomic presentation is according to the NCBI Taxonomy Database, which provides a platform for the classification of all organisms represented in the GenBank database. Please note that these databases are not a primary source for taxonomic or phylogenetic information and should not be used as such.

(c) The gene symbols are assigned according to the official guidelines of the NAT Gene Nomenclature Committee. When a gene is also known by an alternative official name (e.g. the NAT gene of A. mediterranei is known to coincide with the RifF locus of the rifamycin B biosynthetic cluster [6]), the alias is provided in brackets. The curator is unable to report such aliases, until their coincidence with NAT is validated in the literature. Older unofficial symbols used to describe NAT loci (e.g. OAT, AAC etc.) have been withdrawn and are not cited in this webpage.

(d) Abbreviations: ORF – open reading frame; bp – base pairs; aa – amino acids.

(e) Amino acid sequence homology (identity and similarity) is calculated relative to the prokaryotic NAT reference sequence, i.e. the NAT1 protein of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 [(SALTY)NAT1 (LT2) protein with accession no. BAA14331].

(f) The table specifies bacterial species/strains for which there is published information about the enzymatic function or structure of NAT gene products. Articles providing this kind of information are cited in the last column [see also footnote (g)], but only for the particular strains described in each study. Although findings for one bacterial strain very likely apply to other related strains too, inter-strain differences are possible and may differentiate the functional/structural properties of NAT proteins.

(g) Most reported sequences are putative NAT genes identified in prokaryotic genomes through extensive database searches [1,2,7,8,21,38]. These sequences have not been validated as to the functional properties of their products [see footnote (f)], unless relevant references are provided.

(h) Nucleotide sequences homologous to NAT have been found in diverse taxonomic groups of bacteria [1] and in one halophylic archaeon, phylum of Euryarchaeota [38].

(i) Polymorphic variants of the NAT1 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [reference allele symbol (MYCTU)NAT1*1] have been identified in clinical isolates of South African and Brazilian origin [9,33,34,41]. These are (MYCTU)NAT1*2 (c.619G>A; p.Gly207Arg) [9,33,41], (MYCTU)NAT1*3 (c.529T>C; p.Tyr177His) [34], (MYCTU)NAT1*4 (c.276C>T; p.Ala92Ala), (MYCTU)NAT1*5 (c.373C>A, c.375C>G; p.Leu125Met), (MYCTU)NAT1*6 (c.375C>G; p.Leu125Leu), (MYCTU)NAT1*7 (c.375C>G, c.503T>G; p.Leu125Leu, p.Met168Arg), (MYCTU)NAT1*8 (c.503T>G; p.Met168Arg) [41].

(j) NAT-like sequences with frameshift mutations that are not attributed to sequencing errors. The mutations were corrected in order to reconstruct and translate the hypothetical open reading frame of these putative pseudogenes.

(k) Published information about the enzymatic properties of NATs from additional strains of B. cereus is available [35-37]. These strains are not reported in the table, as their NAT genes have not been sequenced yet.

(l) NAT enzymatic activity has been detected in certain proteobacteria not included in the table, because their NAT genes have not been sequenced yet [26].

(m) A series of 14 synonymous and 16 non-synonymous polymorphisms have been reported in strains of Legionella pneumophila (Paris, Lens and Philadelphia) [40], but the exact description of each SNP has not been provided.

All reported sequences (with GenBank accession numbers, where available) are stored in electronic format and can be requested from the curator of this website. Please note that many of the ORFs described in the above table were reconstructed from partial low-homology genomic sequences, retrieved during our database searches. Therefore, these sequences represent only putative NAT genes and each ORF should be checked for possible inaccuracies in length and sequence before any further study is undertaken.

If you wish to acknowledge this website as a source of data in future publications, please cite reference [1].

For new submissions or enquiries, please contact Dr. Sotiria Boukouvala (sboukouv@mbg.duth.gr).

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Literature

[1] Vagena, E.; Fakis, G. and Boukouvala, S. (2008) Arylamine N-acetyltransferases in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes: A survey of public databases. Curr. Drug Metab. 9(7), 628-660.

[2] Boukouvala, S. and Fakis, G. (2005) Arylamine N-acetyltransferases: what we learn from genes and genomes. Drug Metab. Rev. 37(3), 511-564.

[3] August, P.R.; Tang, L.; Yoon, Y.J.; Ning, S.; Müller, R.; Yu, T.W.; Taylor, M.; Hoffmann, D.; Kim, C.G.; Zhang, X.; Hutchinson, C.R. and Floss, H.G. (1998) Biosynthesis of the ansamycin antibiotic rifamycin: deductions from the molecular analysis of the rif biosynthetic gene cluster of Amycolatopsis mediterranei S699. Chem. Biol. 5(20), 69-79.

[4] Schupp, T.; Toupet, C.; Engel, N. and Goff, S. (1998) Cloning and sequence analysis of the putative rifamycin polyketide synthase gene cluster from Amycolatopsis mediterranei. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 159(2), 201-207.

[5] Yu, T.W.; Shen, Y.; Doi-Katayama, Y.; Tang, L.; Park, C.; Moore, B.S.; Hutchinson, R.C. and Floss, H.G. (1999) Direct evidence that the rifamycin polyketide synthase assembles polyketide chains progressively. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96(16), 9051-9056.

[6] Pompeo, F.; Mushtaq, A. and Sim, E. (2002) Expression and purification of the rifamycin amide synthase, RifF, an enzyme homologous to the prokaryotic arylamine N-acetyltransferases. Protein Expr. Purif. 24(1), 138-151.

[7] Payton, M.; Mushtaq, A.; Yu, T.W.; Wu, L.J.; Sinclair, J. and Sim, E. (2001) Eubacterial arylamine N-acetyltransferases - identification and comparison of 18 members of the protein family with conserved active site cysteine, histidine and aspartate residues. Microbiology 147(Pt. 5), 1137-1147.

[8] Sandy, J.; Mushtaq, A.; Holton, S.J.; Schartau, P.; Noble, M.E.M. and Sim, E. (2005) Investigation of the catalytic triad of arylamine N-acetyltransferases: essential residues required for acetyl transfer to arylamines. Biochem. J. 390(Pt. 1), 115-123.

[9] Upton, A.M; Mushtaq, A.; Victor, T.C.; Sampson, S.L.; Sandy, J.; Smith, D.M.; van Helden, P.V. and Sim, E. (2001) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a polymorphic enzyme and a site of isoniazid metabolism. Mol. Microbiol. 42(2), 309-317.

[10] Bhakta, S.; Besra, G.S.; Upton, A.M.; Parish, T.; Sholto-Douglas-Vernon, C.; Gibson, K.J.C.; Knutton, S.; Gordon, S.; daSilva, R.P.; Anderton, M.C. and Sim, E. (2004) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase is required for synthesis of mycolic acids and complex lipids in Mycobacterium bovis BCG and represents a novel drug target. J. Exp. Med. 199(9), 1191-1199.

[11] Anderton, M.C.; Bhakta, S.; Besra, G.S.; Jeavons, P.; Eltis, L.D. and Sim, E. (2006) Characterization of the putative operon containing arylamine N-acetyltransferase (nat) in Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Mol. Microbiol. 59(1), 181-192.

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[13] Payton, M.; Auty, R.; Delgoda, R.; Everett, M. and Sim, E. (1999) Cloning and characterization of arylamine N-acetyltransferase genes from Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis: increased expression results in isoniazid resistance. J. Bacteriol. 181(4), 1343-1347.

[14] Payton, M.; Gifford, C.; Schartau, P.; Hagemeier, C.; Mushtaq, A.; Lucas, S.; Pinter, K. and Sim, E. (2001) Evidence towards the role of arylamine N-acetyltransferase in Mycobacterium smegmatis and development of a specific antiserum against the homologous enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiology 147(12), 3295-3302.

[15] Sandy, J.; Mushtaq, A.; Kawamura, A.; Sinclair, J.; Sim, E. and Noble, M. (2002) The structure of arylamine N-acetyltransferase from Mycobacterium smegmatis – an enzyme which inactivates the anti-tubercular drug, isoniazid. J. Mol. Biol. 318(4), 1071-1083.

[16] Sandy, J.; Holton, S.; Fullam, E.; Sim, E. and Noble, M. (2005) Binding of the anti-tubercular drug isoniazid to the arylamine N-acetyltransferase protein from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Protein Sci. 14(3), 775-782.

[17] Van der Geize, R.; Yam, K.; Heuser, T.; Wilbrink, M.H.; Hara, H.; Anderton, M.C.; Sim, E.; Dijkhuizen, L.; Davies, J.E.; Mohn, W.W. and Eltis, L.D. (2007) A gene cluster encoding cholesterol catabolism in a soil actinomycete provides insight into Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival in macrophages Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104(6), 1947-1952.

[18] Suzuki, H.; Ohnishi, Y. and Horinouchi, S. (2007) Arylamine N-acetyltransferase responsible for acetylation of 2-aminophenols in Streptomyces griseus. J. Bacteriol. 189(5), 2155-2159.

[19] Pluvinage, B.; Dairou, J.; Possot, O.M.; Martins, M.; Fouet, A.; Dupret, J.M. and Rodrigues-Lima, F. (2007) Cloning and molecular characterization of three arylamine N-acetyltransferase genes from Bacillus anthracis: identification of unusual enzymatic properties and their contribution to sulfamethoxazole resistance. Biochemistry 46(23), 7069-7078.

[20] Pluvinage, B.; de la Sierra-Gallay, I.L.; Martins, M.; Ragunathan, N.; Dupret, J.M. and Rodrigues-Lima, F. (2007) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of arylamine N-acetyltransferase C (BanatC) from Bacillus anthracis. Acta Crystallogr. F63(Pt. 10), 862-864.

[21] Rodrigues-Lima, F. and Dupret, J.M. (2002) In silico sequence analysis of arylamine N-acetyltransferases: evidence for an absence of lateral gene transfer from bacteria to vertebrates and first description of paralogs in bacteria. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 293(2), 783-792.

[22] Holton, S.J.; Dairou, J.; Sandy, J.; Rodrigues-Lima, F.; Dupret, J.M.; Noble, M.E.M. and Sim, E. (2005) Structure of Mesorhizobium loti arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1. Acta Crystallogr. F61(Pt. 1), 14-16.

[23] Rodrigues-Lima, F.; Dairou, J.; Diaz, C.L.; Rubio, M.C.; Sim, E.; Spaink, H.P. and Dupret, J.M. (2006) Cloning, functional expression and characterization of Mesorhizobium loti arylamine N-acetyltransferases: rhizobial symbiosis supplies leguminous plants with the xenobiotic N-acetylation pathway. Mol. Microbiol. 60(2), 505-512.

[24] Dairou, J.; Flatters, D.; Chaffotte, A.F.; Pluvinage, B.; Sim, E.; Dupret, J.M. and Rodrigues-Lima, F. (2006) Insight into the structure of Mesorhizobium loti arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (MLNAT2): a biochemical and computational study. FEBS Lett. 580(7), 1780-1788.

[25] Atmane, N.; Dairou, J.; Flatters, D.; Martins, M.; Pluvinage, B.; Derreumaux, P.; Dupret, J.M. and Rodrigues-Lima, F. (2007) The conserved glycine/alanine residue of the active-site loop containing the putative acetylCoA-binding motif is essential for the overall structural integrity of Mesorhizobium loti arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 361(1), 256-262.

[26] Deloménie, C.; Fouix, S.; Longuemaux, S.; Brahimi, N.; Bizet, C.; Picard, B.; Denamur, E. and Dupret, J.M. (2001) Identification and functional characterization of arylamine N-acetyltransferases in eubacteria: evidence for highly selective acetylation of 5-aminosalicylic acid. J. Bacteriol. 183(11), 3417-3427.

[27] Chung, J.G; Lo, H.H.; Hsieh, S.E. and Yen, Y.S. (1997) Ibuprofen inhibits arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curr. Microbiol. 35(4), 195-200.

[28] Watanabe, M.; Sofuni, T. and Nohmi, T. (1992) Involvement of Cys69 residue in the catalytic mechanism of N-hydroxyarylamine O-acetyltransferase of Salmonella typhimurium. Sequence similarity at the amino acid level suggests a common catalytic mechanism of acetyltransferase for S. typhimurium and higher organisms. J. Biol. Chem. 267(12), 8429-8436.

[29] Sinclair, J.C.; Sandy, J.; Delgoda, R.; Sim, E. and Noble, M.E.M. (2000) Structure of arylamine N-acetyltransferase reveals a catalytic triad. Nat. Struct. Biol. 7(7), 560-564.

[30] Mushtaq, A.; Payton, M. and Sim, E. (2002) The COOH terminus of arylamine N-acetyltransferase from Salmonella typhimurium controls enzymic activity. J. Biol. Chem. 277(14), 12175-12181.

[31] Westwood, I.M.; Holton, S.J.; Rodrigues-Lima, F.; Dupret, J.M.; Bhakta, S.; Noble, M.E.M. and Sim, E. (2005) Expression, purification, characterization and structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylamine N-acetyltransferase. Biochem. J. 385(Pt. 2), 605-612.

[32] Westwood, I.M. and Sim, E. (2007) Kinetic characterisation of arylamine N-acetyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Biochem. 8(3), published online.

[33] Kawamura, A.; Sandy, J.; Upton, A.; Noble, M. and Sim, E. (2003) Structural investigation of mutant Mycobacterium smegmatis arylamine N-acetyltransferase: a model for a naturally occurring functional polymorphism in Mycobacterium tuberculosis arylamine N-acetyltransferase. Protein Expr. Purif. 27(1), 75-84.

[34] Sholto-Douglas-Vernon, C.; Sandy, J.; Victor, T.C.; Sim, E. and van Helden, P.D. (2005) Mutational and expression analysis of tbnat and its response to isoniazid. J. Med. Microbiol. 54(Pt. 12), 1189-1197.

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